Ebola outbreak remains out of control in Congo 6 months into response

Bunia: Six months after an Ebola outbreak was declared in Congo, the disease remains out of control and efforts to contain it are faltering.

More than 11,000 cases have been recorded, and nearly half of those infected have died, according to government data. It is the deadliest of Congo’s 17 outbreaks and is on track to surpass the death toll from the West African outbreak that killed 11,000 people between 2014 and 2016.

Basic containment measures, including contact tracing and isolation, remain inadequate, raising doubts about authorities’ ability to halt the outbreak. Experts say there is little chance of bringing it under control within the next year.

By the time the outbreak was announced in mid-May, 43 deaths had already been recorded, suggesting the virus had circulated undetected for an extended period. It has since spread to eight of the country’s 26 provinces, moving at a pace aid groups have likened to wildfire.

New hotspots continue to emerge, stretching an already strained health care system.

Questions over funding and management

Community transmission remains high. According to the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 80 per cent of new cases are being detected outside health surveillance, meaning most infections have not been tracked by authorities.

One-third of deaths occur at home or elsewhere in the community, where burials and other procedures are often conducted without specialist supervision, increasing the risk of transmission.

Health workers have repeatedly gone on strike over pay that is months overdue, sometimes leaving patients with confirmed infections without treatment.

Aid groups have also questioned how the response is being managed. Last month, the Africa CDC raised concerns about more than USD 700 million in Ebola aid that remains unaccounted for.

“A troubling disconnect between the considerable resources mobilised for the response and what is actually reaching patients, frontline workers, and communities continues,” said the humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders, known by its French acronym MSF.

Children face high death rates

Children are particularly vulnerable to Ebola, especially those with preexisting conditions such as malnutrition, experts say.

Most children affected by the disease have not received specialized care, contributing to high death rates.

According to UNICEF, children accounted for 35 per cent of deaths recorded through Nov. 4. Children under 5 accounted for 21 per cent of all deaths, and nearly 72 per cent of infected children in that age group have died.

Conflict and attacks hamper response

Health workers face difficult conditions as Ebola prevention and containment measures clash with social and cultural practices.

Since the outbreak began, health workers have been attacked, some fatally, adding to the dangers of working in an already volatile region. Health facilities have also come under attack.

The outbreak has been concentrated in eastern Congo, particularly Ituri and North Kivu, where communities face both the epidemic and armed conflict.

Fighting between government forces and hundreds of rebel groups, including the Rwanda-backed M23, had already helped create one of the world’s most severe humanitarian crises. The Allied Democratic Forces, an Islamic State-affiliated rebel group, also attacks civilians.

The virus’s rapid spread has raised fears of wider transmission across Africa. Nigeria, Kenya and Uganda have confirmed cases, making this the most geographically widespread Ebola outbreak on record.